@cavemann
What about FAT-formatted USB pen drives? Are they visible when you plug them in?
Yes
Can you describe what partitions do you have on your hard disk (primary or secondary, what file system, what size).
Do you see those partitions in HDToolBox? Best if you can share screen shots.
You also mentioned that the partition was previosly visible from Linux. Is it still visible? Basically use another system to see if partition is not damaged.
As for crash in ata.device it was at a point of initializing a complete drive - not a single partition.